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Статья «Пиратство или хулиганство: задержание ледокола “Арктический Рассвет”» / Article "Piracy or Hooliganism: detention of the Arctic Sunrise"

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Архивные данные статьи Эштон Зильстра / Archival data of the article written by Ashton Zylstra

Выходные данные научной статьи / Article output data

Страницы / Pages 9-29
Тип / Type [RAR] – Научная статья
Коды / Numbers [УДК] 341.362.1
Заглавие / Title
[RUS]
Пиратство или хулиганство: задержание ледокола “Арктический Рассвет”
[ENG]
Piracy or Hooliganism: detention of the Arctic Sunrise
Авторы / Authors
[RUS]
Эштон Зильстра
Магистр международных дел, бакалавр искусств,
Университет штата Пенсильвания, Юридическая школа им. Дикинсона
[ENG]
Ashton Zylstra
Masters of International Affairs, Bachelor of Arts,
Pennsylvania State University, Dickinson School of Law
Аннотация / Abstract
[RUS]
В сентябре 2013 года возникло несколько возражений правового порядка в результате задержания ледокола Арктический Рассвет со стороны России. На национальном уровне российские власти представили двойное обвинение задержанным членам экипажа Рассвет; хулиганство по Статье 213(2) Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации и пиратства в соответствии со Статьей 227(3). На международном уровне Нидерланды довели дело до Международного трибунала по морскому праву. Данная статья рассматривает варианты определений «пиратства» на международном и национальном уровне. Предложено сравнение данных определений к определению «хулиганство» в соответствии со Статьей 213. Для точного анализа определения ключевых терминов, таких как «судно» и «личные цели», рассмотрены некоторые источники международного и национального права, в том числе Женевская конвенция об открытом море 1958 года, Конвенция ООН по морскому праву 1982 года, Статья 227(1) Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации и Кодекса торгового мореплавания Российской Федерации.
[ENG]
Dual accusations have been presented to the detained crewmembers of the Greenpeace vessel Arctic Sunrise, and it is unclear under which charge the Russian authorities will prosecute. In this paper the major differences between the "hooliganism" charge under Article 213 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the "piracy" charge under Article 227(3) are highlighted, and key terms within each charge are analyzed and defined. To analyze terms such as "vessel" and "private ends" many sources of international and domestic law are considered, and issues of "force" and the law of hot pursuit are raised. In addition to an analysis of the charges the protestors face in Russian courts the legality of the seizure of the vessel is considered, as well as the proceedings brought by the flag State, the Netherlands, to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Sources of international and domestic law considered include the 1958 Geneva Convention on the High Seas, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Article 227(1) of the Russian Criminal Code, the Merchant Shipping Code of the Russian Federation, Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation of 1988, and the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf.
Текст / Text
[ENG]
Introduction Since 2010, Greenpeace has pursued a campaign...
Ключевые слова / Keywords
[RUS]
Гринпис
Арктический рассвет
пиратство
хулиганство
МТМП
Нидерланды
[ENG]
Greenpeace
Arctic Sunrise
piracy
hooliganism
ITLOS
Netherlands
Библиография / References
[RUS]
  1. Пограничники считают ответственным за ЧП капитана 'Арктик Санрайз' // Ria Novosti. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://ria.ru/eco/20130919/964386631.htm
  2. Судно высшей инстанции // Kommersant.ru, [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2313332
  3. Brierly J.L. The Law of Nations: an Introduction to the International Law of Peace. 4th ed. – Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1949. – 324 p.
  4. Butler W.E. Russian Criminal Law and Procedure. – London: Wildy, Simmonds & Hill Publishing, 2011. – 614 p.
  5. Butler W.E. Russian Law. 3rd ed. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. – 860 p.
  6. Butler W.E. Russian Public Law: the Foundations of a Rule-of-Law State, Legislation and Documents. 3rd ed. – London: Wildy, Simmonds & Hill Publishers, 2013. – 1060 p.
  7. Butler W.E. The Law of Treaties in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Text and Commentary. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. – 564 p.
  8. Convention on the Continental Shelf. Available at: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/entri/texts/continental.shelf.1958.html
  9. Convention on the Law of the Sea. Available at: www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/closindx
  10. Declarations and Statements // United Nations Oceans & Law of the Sea. Available at: http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/ convention_ declarations.htm# Russian%20 Federation%20 Upon%20 signature
  11. Greenpeace International welcomes Tribunal ruling ordering Russia to release Arctic 30 // Greenpeace International. Available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/Greenpeace-International-welcomes-Tribunal-ruling-ordering-Russia-to-release-Arctic-30/
  12. Greenpeace: Current draft of Russian amnesty does not include Arctic 30 // Greenpeace International. Available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/Greenpeace-Current-draft-of-Russian-amnesty-does-not-include-Arctic-30/
  13. Guilfoyle D. Can Russia prosecute Greenpeace protestors over the Arctic Sunrise? // The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/can-russia-prosecute-greenpeace-protestors-over-the-arctic-sunrise-18683
  14. Guilfoyle D. Greenpeace 'Pirates' and the MV Arctic Sunrise // Blog of the European Journal of International Law. Available at: http://www.ejiltalk.org/greenpeace-pirates-and-the-mv-arctic-sunrise/
  15. Guilfoyle D. Political Motivation and Piracy: What History Doesn't Teach Us About Law // Blog of the European Journal of International Law. Available at: http://www.ejiltalk.org/political-motivation-and-piracy-what-history-doesnt-teach-us-about-law/
  16. Kontorovich E. Russia's Piracy Charges Against Greenpeace Groundless and Illegal. Available at: http://www.volokh.com/2013/09/25/russias-piracy-charges-greenpeace-groundless-illegal/
  17. LIVE – Latest Updates from the Arctic Sunrise activists // Greenpeace International. Available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/From-peaceful-action-to-dramatic-seizure-a-timeline-of-events-since-the-Arctic-Sunrise-took-action-September-18-CET/#a3
  18. Merchant Shipping Code of the Russian Federation. Available at: http://folk.uio.no/erikro/WWW/HNS/rmc.pdf
  19. Myres M.S., Lasswell H.D., Miller J.C. The Interpretation of Agreements and World Public Order: Principles of Content and Procedure. – New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1967. – 536 p.
  20. Piracy charge against Arctic activists 'an assault on peaceful protest'-Greenpeace // Greenpeace International. Available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/Piracy-charge-against-Arctic-activists-an-assault-on-peaceful-protest---Greenpeace/
  21. Prirazlomnaya Gazprom Oil Rig Protest Clipreel // Greenpeace International. Available at: http://photo.greenpeace.org/image/GP04VK6
  22. Russian claims over boat ramming 'a fantasy'-Greenpeace International // Greenpeace International. Available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/Russian-claims-over-boat-ramming-a-fantasy---Greenpeace-International/
  23. Sharp C. Latest Updates: Arctic 30 Out of Jail, Still Facing Serious Charges in Russia. Available at: http://greenpeaceblogs.org/2013/09/26/latest-updates-from-the-arctic-30/
  24. Statement of facts concerning the boarding and detention of the MY Arctic Sunrise and the judicial proceedings against all 30 persons on board // Greenpeace International. Available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/briefings/climate/2013-10-19%20GP%20Statement%20of%20Facts%20Final.pdf
  25. Tammelo I. Treaty Interpretation and Practical Reason: Towards a General Theory of Legal Interpretation. – Sydney: Atlantic Publications, 1967. – 110 p.
  26. The 'Hoshinmaru' Case (Japan v. Russian Federation) // International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Available at: http://www.itlos.org/index.php?id=106&L=0
  27. The 'Tomimaru' Case (Japan v. Russian Federation) // International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Available at: http://www.itlos.org/index.php?id=107&L=0
  28. The 'Volga' Case (Russian Federation v. Australia) // International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Available at: http://www.itlos.org/index.php?id=103&L=0
  29. The Arctic Sunrise Case (Kingdom of the Netherlands v. Russian Federation) // International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Available at: http://www.itlos.org/index.php?id=264&L=0
  30. Yambrusic E.S. Treaty Interpretation: Theory and Reality. – Lanham, New York: University Press of America, 1987. – 298 p.
  31. Zimnenko B.L., Butler W.E. International Law and the Russian Legal System. – Utrecht: Eleven International Publishing, 2007. – 389 p.
[ENG]
  1. "Border guards hold the 'Arctic Sunrise' captain responsible for the incident" ["Pogranichniki schitayut otvetstvennym za ChP kapitana 'Arktik Sanraiz'"], Ria Novosti, available at: http://ria.ru/eco/20130919/964386631.htm
  2. Brierly, J.L. (1949), The Law of Nations: an Introduction to the International Law of Peace. 4th ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 324 p.
  3. Butler, W.E. (2002), The Law of Treaties in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Text and Commentary, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 564 p.
  4. Butler, W.E. (2009), Russian Law. 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 860 p.
  5. Butler, W.E. (2011), Russian Criminal Law and Procedure, Wildy, Simmonds & Hill Publishing, London, 614 p.
  6. Butler, W.E. (2013), Russian Public Law: the Foundations of a Rule-of-Law State, Legislation and Documents. 3rd ed., Wildy, Simmonds & Hill Publishers, London, 1060 p.
  7. "Convention on the Continental Shelf", available at: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/entri/texts/continental.shelf.1958.html
  8. "Convention on the Law of the Sea", available at: www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/closindx
  9. "Declarations and Statements", United Nations Oceans & Law of the Sea, available at: http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/ convention_ declarations.htm# Russian%20 Federation%20 Upon%20 signature
  10. "Greenpeace: Current draft of Russian amnesty does not include Arctic 30", Greenpeace International, available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/Greenpeace-Current-draft-of-Russian-amnesty-does-not-include-Arctic-30/
  11. "Greenpeace International welcomes Tribunal ruling ordering Russia to release Arctic 30", Greenpeace International, available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/Greenpeace-International-welcomes-Tribunal-ruling-ordering-Russia-to-release-Arctic-30/
  12. Guilfoyle, D. (2013), "Can Russia prosecute Greenpeace protestors over the Arctic Sunrise?" The Conversation, available at: https://theconversation.com/can-russia-prosecute-greenpeace-protestors-over-the-arctic-sunrise-18683
  13. Guilfoyle, D. (2013), "Greenpeace 'Pirates' and the MV Arctic Sunrise", Blog of the European Journal of International Law, available at: http://www.ejiltalk.org/greenpeace-pirates-and-the-mv-arctic-sunrise/
  14. Guilfoyle, D. (2013), "Political Motivation and Piracy: What History Doesn't Teach Us About Law", Blog of the European Journal of International Law, available at: http://www.ejiltalk.org/political-motivation-and-piracy-what-history-doesnt-teach-us-about-law/
  15. Kontorovich, E. (2013), "Russia's Piracy Charges Against Greenpeace Groundless and Illegal", available at: http://www.volokh.com/2013/09/25/russias-piracy-charges-greenpeace-groundless-illegal/
  16. "LIVE – Latest Updates from the Arctic Sunrise activists", Greenpeace International, available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/From-peaceful-action-to-dramatic-seizure-a-timeline-of-events-since-the-Arctic-Sunrise-took-action-September-18-CET/#a3
  17. "Merchant Shipping Code of the Russian Federation", available at: http://folk.uio.no/erikro/WWW/HNS/rmc.pdf
  18. Myres, M.S., Lasswell, H.D., Miller, J.C. (1967), The Interpretation of Agreements and World Public Order: Principles of Content and Procedure, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 536 p.
  19. "Piracy charge against Arctic activists 'an assault on peaceful protest'-Greenpeace", Greenpeace International, available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/Piracy-charge-against-Arctic-activists-an-assault-on-peaceful-protest---Greenpeace/
  20. "Prirazlomnaya Gazprom Oil Rig Protest Clipreel", Greenpeace International, available at: http://photo.greenpeace.org/image/GP04VK6
  21. "Russian claims over boat ramming 'a fantasy'-Greenpeace International", Greenpeace International, available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/Russian-claims-over-boat-ramming-a-fantasy---Greenpeace-International/
  22. Sharp, C. (2013 ), "Latest Updates: Arctic 30 Out of Jail, Still Facing Serious Charges in Russia", available at: http://greenpeaceblogs.org/2013/09/26/latest-updates-from-the-arctic-30/
  23. "Ship of the supreme authority" ["Sudno vysshei instantsii"], Kommersant.ru, available at: http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2313332
  24. "Statement of facts concerning the boarding and detention of the MY Arctic Sunrise and the judicial proceedings against all 30 persons on board", Greenpeace International, available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/briefings/climate/2013-10-19%20GP%20Statement%20of%20Facts%20Final.pdf
  25. Tammelo, I. (1967), Treaty Interpretation and Practical Reason: Towards a General Theory of Legal Interpretation, Atlantic Publications, Sydney, 110 p.
  26. "The Arctic Sunrise Case (Kingdom of the Netherlands v. Russian Federation)", International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, available at: http://www.itlos.org/index.php?id=264&L=0
  27. "The 'Hoshinmaru' Case (Japan v. Russian Federation)", International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, available at: http://www.itlos.org/index.php?id=106&L=0
  28. "The 'Tomimaru' Case (Japan v. Russian Federation)", International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, available at: http://www.itlos.org/index.php?id=107&L=0
  29. "The 'Volga' Case (Russian Federation v. Australia)", International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, available at: http://www.itlos.org/index.php?id=103&L=0
  30. Yambrusic, E.S. (1987), Treaty Interpretation: Theory and Reality, University Press of America, Lanham, New York, 298 p.
  31. Zimnenko, B.L., Butler, W.E. (2007), International Law and the Russian Legal System, Eleven International Publishing, Utrecht, 389 p.
Файлы / Files 1-ashton-zylstra.pdf

Выходные данные журнала «Вопросы российского и международного права», в котором размещена статья / Publisher's imprint of the journal "Matters of Russian and International Law", which includes the article ►