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Статья «Позабытый нормативный документ: Конвенция о выдаче преступников между Россией и США 1887 года» / Article "A forgotten instrument: the 1887 U.S. Russia Extradition Treaty"

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Архивные данные статьи Сэмюэл Джейсон Д. / Archival data of the article written by Samuel Jason D.

Выходные данные научной статьи / Article output data

Страницы / Pages 62-87
Тип / Type [RAR] – Научная статья
Коды / Numbers [УДК] 341.245
Заглавие / Title
[RUS]
Позабытый нормативный документ: Конвенция о выдаче преступников между Россией и США 1887 года
[ENG]
A forgotten instrument: the 1887 U.S. Russia Extradition Treaty
Авторы / Authors
[RUS]
Сэмюэл Джейсон Д.
Кандидат юридических наук, Бакалавр наук в области права, Президент студенческой адвокатской коллегии,
Университет штата Пенсильвания, Юридическая школа им. Дикинсона
[ENG]
Samuel Jason D.
Juris Doctorate Candidate, Bachelor of Science in Paralegal Studies, Student Bar Association President,
Pennsylvania State University, Dickinson School of Law
Аннотация / Abstract
[RUS]
Соединенные Штаты не смогли применить все средства правовой защиты для того, чтобы вернуть Эдварда Сноудена обратно в Соединенные Штаты. В 1887 году Соединенные Штаты и Россия подписали соглашение в виде Конвенции о выдаче преступников. Ни США, ни Россия за все время истории никогда не аннулировали соглашения царской эпохи, поэтому юридически данное соглашение остается в силе. По неизвестной причине, соглашение 1887 года было позабыто среди действующих международных договоров США после 1941, но данная техническая ошибка не может служить юридическим доказательством аннулирования соглашения. В данной статье автор рассматривает и обсуждает все шесть возможных способов аннулирования в соответствии с тем, как они относятся к соглашении о выдаче преступников 1887 года. Посредством анализа данных методов продемонстрировано, как Соединенные Штаты не последовали обычному международному праву в соответствии с Венской конвенцией о праве международных договоров по отношению к аннулированию соглашения 1887 года. Это приведет к выводу, что позабытый инструмент, Конвенция 1887 года о выдаче преступников между Соединенными Штатами и Россией, все еще имеет законную силу.
[ENG]
The Edward Snowden saga was easily the most compelling story of 2013. The validity of 1887 extradition treaty between the United States and Russia adds to the intrigue. The 1887 extradition was literally a forgotten instrument. While many aspects of the legal complications surrounding Snowden were covered ad nauseam by the international press, not much was mentioned about the 1887 extradition treaty between the United States and Russia. After 1941, the United States Treaties in Force no longer listed the 1887 extradition treaty. Although the 1887 treaty was never formally abrogated, the United States State Department does not recognize the 1887 treaty as valid. This paper will give a basic history behind the treaty, abrogation methods as related to the treaty, and examine the rationale behind why the United States refuses to recognize the treaty. It will ultimately show why the United States' rationale for refusing to acknowledge the treaty is legally invalid. Because of the failure of the United States to abrogate the treaty in accordance with customary international law, the 1887 extradition treaty is still in legal effect.
Текст / Text
[ENG]
Introduction On 1 December 2012, The Guardian journalist and blogger, Glenn...
Ключевые слова / Keywords
[RUS]
Выдача преступников
Сноуден
аннулирование действия соглашения
США
Россия
соглашение
[ENG]
Extradition
Snowden
Abrogation
United States
Russia
Treaty
Библиография / References
[RUS]
  1. Artyukov O. What will happen if Russia grants political asylum to Snowden? // Pravda. Available at: http://english.pravda.ru/russia/politics/02-07-2013/125004-snowden_russia-0/
  2. Bite Vita. Precedents for U.S. Abrogation of Treaties. 1974.
  3. Brown S. Russia to U.S.: Edward Snowden extradition request 'unacceptable' // New York Daily News. Available at: http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/russia-slams-u-s-unacceptable-demand-extradite-edward-snowden-article-1.1381671
  4. Brzezinski Z., Sullivan P. Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis. – Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1997. – 900 p.
  5. Butler W.E. Federal Law of the Russian Federation On International Treaties of the Russian Federation. 3rd Revised Edition. – London: Wildy, Simmonds, & Hill, 2013. – 33 p.
  6. Chicagoski D. Protest against the American Extradition Treaty with Russia 5,000 Poles Attend Mass Meeting. Available at: http://flps.newberry.org/article/5423968_8_0800
  7. Chichakyan G. Russia says 'no Cold War' with US but Obama wants to 'pause and reassess ties' // RT. Available at: http://rt.com/news/lavrov-kerry-snowden-syria-303/
  8. Chubb & Son, Inc. v. Asiana Airlines. – 214 F. 3d 301, 308 (2d Cir. N.Y. 2000).
  9. Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10.html
  10. Edward Snowden Biography. Available at: http://www.biography.com/people/edward-snowden-21262897
  11. Edward Snowden: UK warning aims to keep away US leaker // BBC News. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-22902098
  12. Edward Snowden timeline of events // Politico. Available at: http://www.politico.com/story/2013/08/edward-snowden-timeline-of-events-95057.html
  13. Extradition Convention (1893). – 28 Stat. 1071. Treaty Series 305. II Treaties (Malloy) 1527.
  14. Hooper v. United States. – 22 Ct. Cl. 408, 425 (Ct. Cl. 1887).
  15. Ins v. Chadha. – 462 U.S. 919, 956 (U.S. 1983) .
  16. MacAskill E. Edward Snowden, NSA files source: 'If they want to get you, in time they will' // Guardian. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/nsa-whistleblower-edward-snowden-why
  17. Maceda J. Snowden's father: Edward is 'a whistleblower in the best sense' // NBC News. Available at: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/10/11/20924309-snowdens-father-edward-is-a-whistleblower-in-the-best-sense
  18. Marbella J., Bengali S., Cloud D. Details about Edward Snowden's life in Maryland emerge // Baltimore Sun. Available at: http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-06-10/news/bs-md-snowden-profile-20130610_1_anne-arundel-county-arundel-high-the-guardian
  19. Mirkinson J. Time Criticized For Choosing Pope Francis Over Edward Snowden As Person Of The Year // Huffington Post. Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/11/time-edward-snowden-person-of-the-year-pope-francis_n_4424890.html
  20. Müllerson Rejn Avovič, Malgosia Fitzmaurice, Mads Tønnesson Andenæs Constitutional Reforms and International Law in Central and Eastern Europe. 1 ed. – N.Y.: Springer, 1997. – 295 p.
  21. Myers S., Kramer A. (2013), Defiant Russia Grants Snowden Year's Asylum // New York Times, available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/02/world/europe/edward-snowden-russia.html?_r=0
  22. Nemtsova A., Bruton B.F. Kerry to Russia: 'Do the right thing' and return NSA leaker // NBC News. Available at: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/06/24/19110438-kerry-to-russia-do-the-right-thing-and-return-nsa-leaker
  23. Peralta E. 3 Extradition Cases That Help Explain U.S.-Russia Relations // NPR. Available at: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/08/07/209846990/3-extradition-cases-that-help-explain-u-s-russia-relations
  24. Perez E. U.S. Charges Snowden in Security-Leak Case // Wall Street Journal. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323893504578560071189477346
  25. Reitman J. Snowden and Greenwald: The Men Who Leaked the Secrets // Rolling Stone Magazine. Available at: http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/snowden-and-greenwald-the-men-who-leaked-the-secrets-20131204
  26. Russia Seeks to Enlist US Help to Return Citizen // Times Record [Troy], 6 Jan 1947.
  27. Russian Extradition Treaty – It is at last made law of the land // Record-Union [Sacramento], 7 June 1893.
  28. Schnitzer D. Into Justice Jackson's Twilight: A Constitutional and Historical Analysis of Treaty Termination // Georgetown Law Journal. – November, 2012. – Pp. 243-280.
  29. Schreck C. From Tsar to Snowden, US-Russian Extradition Deal Saw Quiet Demise // Ria Novosti. Available at: http://en.ria.ru/world/20130629/181944016-print/From-Tsar-to-Snowden-US-Russian-Extradition-Deal-Saw-Quiet-Demise.html
  30. The Russian Extradition Treaty // Los Angeles Herald. Available at: http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH18930508.2.25#
  31. U.S. Recognition of Soviet Union. Available at: http://www.fransamaltingvongeusau.com/documents/dl1/h3/1.3.4.pdf
  32. United States. Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Treaty Termination – Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate Ninety-Sixth Congress First Session on S. Res. 15 Resolution Concerning Mutual Defense Treaties. – Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1979. – 20 p.
  33. US officials challenge Putin over Snowden claims, push for extradition // Fox News. Available at: http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/25/russian-official-balks-at-us-extradition-demand-for-snowden/
  34. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, May 23, 1969, 1155 U.N.T.S. 331, Art. 65. Available at: https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?&src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXIII~1&chapter=23&Temp=mtdsg3&lang=en
  35. Warren L. Obama says he won't engage in 'wheeling, dealing and trading' to get Edward Snowden extradited to the U.S. // Daily Mail. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2349744/Obama-says-wont-engage-wheeling-dealing-trading-Edward-Snowden-extradited-U-S.html
  36. Yanofsky D. Map: How to stay out of reach of US extradition treaties // Quartz. Available at: http://qz.com/97428/map-how-to-stay-out-of-reach-of-us-extradition-treaties/
  37. Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer. – 343 U.S. 579, 637 (1952).
[ENG]
  1. Artyukov, O. (2013), "What will happen if Russia grants political asylum to Snowden?", Pravda, available at: http://english.pravda.ru/russia/politics/02-07-2013/125004-snowden_russia-0/
  2. Bite, Vita (1974), "Precedents for U.S. Abrogation of Treaties".
  3. Brown, S. (2013), "Russia to U.S.: Edward Snowden extradition request 'unacceptable'", New York Daily News, available at: http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/russia-slams-u-s-unacceptable-demand-extradite-edward-snowden-article-1.1381671
  4. Brzezinski, Z., Sullivan, P. (1997), Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis, M. E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY, 900 p.
  5. Butler, W.E. (2013), Federal Law of the Russian Federation On International Treaties of the Russian Federation. 3rd Revised Edition, Wildy, Simmonds, & Hill, London, 33 p.
  6. Chicagoski, D. (1893), "Protest against the American Extradition Treaty with Russia 5,000 Poles Attend Mass Meeting", available at: http://flps.newberry.org/article/5423968_8_0800
  7. Chichakyan, G. (2013), "Russia says 'no Cold War' with US but Obama wants to 'pause and reassess ties'", RT, available at: http://rt.com/news/lavrov-kerry-snowden-syria-303/
  8. Chubb & Son, Inc. v. Asiana Airlines, 214 F. 3d 301, 308 (2d Cir. N.Y. 2000).
  9. "Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees", available at: http://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10.html
  10. "Edward Snowden Biography", available at: http://www.biography.com/people/edward-snowden-21262897
  11. "Edward Snowden: UK warning aims to keep away US leaker", BBC News, available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-22902098
  12. "Edward Snowden timeline of events", Politico, available at: http://www.politico.com/story/2013/08/edward-snowden-timeline-of-events-95057.html
  13. Extradition Convention (1893). 28 Stat. 1071. Treaty Series 305. II Treaties (Malloy) 1527.
  14. Hooper v. United States, 22 Ct. Cl. 408, 425 (Ct. Cl. 1887).
  15. Ins v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919, 956 (U.S. 1983).
  16. MacAskill, E. (2013), "Edward Snowden, NSA files source: 'If they want to get you, in time they will'", Guardian, available at: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/nsa-whistleblower-edward-snowden-why
  17. Maceda, J. (2013), "Snowden's father: Edward is 'a whistleblower in the best sense'", NBC News, available at: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/10/11/20924309-snowdens-father-edward-is-a-whistleblower-in-the-best-sense
  18. Marbella, J., Bengali, S., Cloud, D. (2013), "Details about Edward Snowden's life in Maryland emerge", Baltimore Sun, available at: http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-06-10/news/bs-md-snowden-profile-20130610_1_anne-arundel-county-arundel-high-the-guardian
  19. Mirkinson, J. (2013), "Time Criticized For Choosing Pope Francis Over Edward Snowden As Person Of The Year", Huffington Post, available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/11/time-edward-snowden-person-of-the-year-pope-francis_n_4424890.html
  20. Müllerson, Rejn Avovič, Malgosia Fitzmaurice, Mads Tønnesson Andenæs (1997), Constitutional Reforms and International Law in Central and Eastern Europe. 1 ed., Springer, N.Y., 295 p.
  21. Myers, S., Kramer, A. (2013), "Defiant Russia Grants Snowden Year's Asylum", New York Times, available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/02/world/europe/edward-snowden-russia.html?_r=0
  22. Nemtsova, A., Bruton, B.F. (2013), "Kerry to Russia: 'Do the right thing' and return NSA leaker", NBC News, available at: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/06/24/19110438-kerry-to-russia-do-the-right-thing-and-return-nsa-leaker
  23. Peralta, E. (2013), "3 Extradition Cases That Help Explain U.S.-Russia Relations", NPR, available at: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/08/07/209846990/3-extradition-cases-that-help-explain-u-s-russia-relations
  24. Perez, E. (2013), "U.S. Charges Snowden in Security-Leak Case", Wall Street Journal, available at: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323893504578560071189477346
  25. Reitman, J. (2013), "Snowden and Greenwald: The Men Who Leaked the Secrets", Rolling Stone Magazine, available at: http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/snowden-and-greenwald-the-men-who-leaked-the-secrets-20131204
  26. "Russia Seeks to Enlist US Help to Return Citizen", Times Record [Troy], 6 Jan 1947.
  27. "Russian Extradition Treaty – It is at last made law of the land", Record-Union [Sacramento], 7 June 1893.
  28. Schnitzer, D. (2012), "Into Justice Jackson's Twilight: A Constitutional and Historical Analysis of Treaty Termination", Georgetown Law Journal, November, pp. 244-280.
  29. Schreck, C. (2013), "From Tsar to Snowden, US-Russian Extradition Deal Saw Quiet Demise", Ria Novosti, available at: http://en.ria.ru/world/20130629/181944016-print/From-Tsar-to-Snowden-US-Russian-Extradition-Deal-Saw-Quiet-Demise.html
  30. "The Russian Extradition Treaty", Los Angeles Herald, available at: http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH18930508.2.25#
  31. "U.S. Recognition of Soviet Union", available at: http://www.fransamaltingvongeusau.com/documents/dl1/h3/1.3.4.pdf
  32. United States. Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Treaty Termination – Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate Ninety-Sixth Congress First Session on S. Res. 15 Resolution Concerning Mutual Defense Treaties, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1979, 20 p.
  33. "US officials challenge Putin over Snowden claims, push for extradition", Fox News, available at: http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/25/russian-official-balks-at-us-extradition-demand-for-snowden/
  34. "Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, May 23, 1969, 1155 U.N.T.S. 331, Art. 65", available at: https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?&src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXIII~1&chapter=23&Temp=mtdsg3&lang=en
  35. Warren, L. (2013), "Obama says he won't engage in 'wheeling, dealing and trading' to get Edward Snowden extradited to the U.S.", Daily Mail, available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2349744/Obama-says-wont-engage-wheeling-dealing-trading-Edward-Snowden-extradited-U-S.html
  36. Yanofsky, D. (2013), "Map: How to stay out of reach of US extradition treaties", Quartz, available at: http://qz.com/97428/map-how-to-stay-out-of-reach-of-us-extradition-treaties/
  37. Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579, 637 (1952).
Файлы / Files 5-samuel-jason.pdf

Выходные данные журнала «Вопросы российского и международного права», в котором размещена статья / Publisher's imprint of the journal "Matters of Russian and International Law", which includes the article ►