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Научная статья по праву «Заключение международных договоров в рамках Сийар: раннеисламское сопоставление доктрины с действительностью»

Article "Treaty-Making Under the Siyar: Early Islamic Reconciliation of Doctrine with Reality"

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Архивные данные научной статьи, Багдасарова С.

Archival data of the article written by Bagdasarova S.

Выходные архивные данные юридической статьи

Article output data

Страницы / Pages 9-38
Тип / Type [RAR] – Научная статья
Коды / Numbers [УДК] 341.24
Заглавие / Title
[RUS]
Заключение международных договоров в рамках Сийар: раннеисламское сопоставление доктрины с действительностью
[ENG]
Treaty-Making Under the Siyar: Early Islamic Reconciliation of Doctrine with Reality
Авторы / Authors
[RUS]
Багдасарова
Сюзанна
Кандидат юридических наук, бакалавр исторических и политических наук,
Университет штата Пенсильвания, Юридическая школа им. Дикинсона
[ENG]
Bagdasarova
Susanna
Juris Doctor Candidate, Bachelor of Arts in History and Political Science,
Pennsylvania State University, Dickinson School of Law
Аннотация / Abstract
[RUS]
В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы составления международных договоров в рамках раннеисламского международного права (Сийар). Сийар характеризовался религиозными обязательствами, монизмом и естественным правом, проистекавшими из святых учений ислама и сформировавшими политическую и экономическую экспансию исламского государства. Несмотря на стремительный взлет к власти и обширный территориальный контроль, Исламская империя была не в состоянии достичь всемирного господства, повлекшего за собой необходимость создания узких, формальных отношений с иностранными организациями. Анализ заключения договоров в начале развития исламского государства проливает свет на юридические аспекты примирения религии и практики, что стало результатом формирования созидательной и принципиально сложной нормативно-правовой базы. В первой части статьи обсуждается развитие ислама как религии. Вторая часть рассматривает основы Сийар, анализируя его место в исламском праве в целом, а также характеризуя его источники и теоретические основы. В третьей части статьи рассмотрено заключение международных договоров как подраздел Сийар, а также проведено теоретическое сопоставление с практическими потребностями двух раннеисламских договоров: договор о примирении Худайбийя и египетско-нубийский договор «Бакт». Четвертая часть статьи кратко завершает обсуждение темы Исламского Сийар и более ранних договоров.
[ENG]
Modern conceptions of international law base its legitimacy on the idea of universal principles and customs derived from Western scholarship and consensus. This often overlooks older systems of international law which may be based on different principles or which derive legitimacy from other sources. Early Islamic international law (siyar) developed in the mid-7th century CE and approached international issues as a tool to help achieve the religion's universalist objectives. Islamic doctrine was both a religion and political structure which sought to bring the entire world under the control of the Islamic state.
Originally created as a temporary institution, the siyar addressed a variety of subjects, including holy war (jihad), campaigns (maghazi), spoils (ghanima), apostasy (ridda), and safe-conduct (aman). As the Islamic state developed and conquered surrounding lands, it became evident that worldwide hegemony was, at best, an extremely lengthy process. The practical need for interaction with other nations forced jurists to distill from Islamic doctrine an internally consistent jurisprudence to govern these relations. Nowhere is this reconciliation of practical considerations and theology more evident than in the process of treaty-making. This article explores the sources and methods of interpretation that informed early Islamic laws on treaties. It analyzes various methods which resulted in a creative and sophisticated field of jurisprudence. The article notes that although these interpretations were not always consistent among jurists and schools, doctrinal reconciliation with practice reveals the influence of jurists under the Islamic legal system and the sophistication of international law centuries before modern international scholarship.
Текст / Text
[ENG]
Introduction Western scholarship has thoroughly developed…
(Вы можете ознакомиться в файле ПДФ c полным текстом научной статьи по юриспруденции)
Ключевые слова / Keywords
[RUS]
Сийар
заключение договоров
Ислам
договор о примирении Худайбийя
джихад
египетско-нубийский договор «Бакт»
[ENG]
Al-Siyar
treaty-making
Islam
Treaty of Hudaybiyya
Jihad
Baqt Treaty
Библиография / References
[RUS]
  1. Кургузов В.Л. Свое – чужое – наше как алгоритм развития культуры // Культура и цивилизация. – 2011. – № 1. – С. 109-125.
  2. Abdel Haleem M.A.S. The Jizya Verse (Q. 9:29): Tax Enforcement on non-Muslims in the First Muslim State // Journal of Qur'anic Studies. – 2012. – No. 2(14). – Pp. 72-89.
  3. Akhtar S. An Inquiry into the Nature, Origin and Course of Islamic Law of Nations // Karachi Law Journal. – 1970. – No. 63. – P. 71.
  4. Al-Saidat E.M., Al-Khawalda M.I. Jihad: A Victim of Policy and Misinterpretation // Asian Social Science. – 2012. – No. 7(8). – Pp. 202-207.
  5. Andrae T. Mohammed: The Man and His Faith. – New York: Courier Dover Publications, 2000. – 194 p.
  6. Armstrong K. Islam: A Short History. – New York: The Modern Library, 2002. – 272 p.
  7. Emerick Y. The Life and Work of Muhammad. – Filey: Alpha Publishing, 2002. – 336 p.
  8. Emon A. Reflections on the «Constitution of Medina»: An Essay on Methodology and Ideology in Islamic Legal History // UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law. – 2002. – No. 1. – Pp. 103-133.
  9. Esposito J.L. The Oxford History of Islam. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. – 749 p.
  10. Ford C.A. Siyar-ization and its Discontents: International Law and Islam's Constitutional Crisis // Texas International Law Journal. – 1995. – No. 30. – Pp. 499-533.
  11. Glassé C. The New Encyclopedia of Islam, 3rd ed. – Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008. – 720 p.
  12. Hallaq W.B. A History of Islamic Legal Theories. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. – 294 p.
  13. Har-El S. Struggle for Domination in the Middle East: The Ottoman-Mamluk War, 1885-91. – Leiden: Brill Academic Pub, 1995. – 238 p.
  14. Hasan Y.F. Main Aspects of the Arab Migration to the Sudan // Arabica. – 1967. – No. 1(14). – Pp. 14-31.
  15. Khadduri M. War and Peace in the Law of Islam. – New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange, 1955. – 321 p.
  16. Khadduri M. Islam and the Modern Law of Nations // American Journal of International Law. – 1956. – No. 50. – Pp. 358-372.
  17. Khadduri M. The Islamic Law of Nations: Shaybani's Siyar. – Baltimore: John Hopkins Press, 1966. – 232 p.
  18. Khadduri M. The Islamic Conception of Justice. – Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1985. – 272 p.
  19. Khan M.Z. The Qur'an, The Eternal Revelation Vouchsafed to Muhammad, The Seal of the Prophets, transl. – Northampton: Interlink Publishing Group, 1997. – 736 p.
  20. Mautner T. Grotius and the Skeptics // Journal of the History of Ideas. – 2005. – No. 4(66). – Pp. 577-607.
  21. Movsesian M.L. Fiqh and Canons: Reflections on Islamic and Christian Jurisprudence // Seton Hall Law Review. – 2010. – No. 3(40). – Pp. 860-888.
  22. Smith P.S. Of War and Peace: The Hudaibiya Model of Islamic Diplomacy // Florida Journal of International Law. – 2006. – No. 18. – Pp. 135-168.
  23. Spaulding J. Medieval Christian Nubia and the Islamic World: A Reconsideration of the Baqt Treaty // International Journal of African Historical Studies. – 1995. – No. 3(28). – Pp. 577-594.
  24. Tepas M.E. A Look at Traditional Islam's General Discord with a Permanent System of Global Cooperation // Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies. – 2009. – No. 2(16). – Pp. 680-701.
[ENG]
  1. Abdel Haleem, M.A.S. (2012), "The Jizya Verse (Q. 9:29): Tax Enforcement on non-Muslims in the First Muslim State", Journal of Qur'anic Studies, No. 2(14), pp. 72-89.
  2. Akhtar, S. (1970), "An Inquiry into the Nature, Origin and Course of Islamic Law of Nations", Karachi Law Journal, No. 63, p. 71.
  3. Al-Saidat, E.M., Al-Khawalda, M.I. (2012), "Jihad: A Victim of Policy and Misinterpretation", Asian Social Science, No. 7(8), pp. 202-207.
  4. Andrae, T. (2000), Mohammed: The Man and His Faith, Courier Dover Publications, New York, 194 p.
  5. Armstrong, K. (2002), Islam: A Short History, The Modern Library, New York, 272 p.
  6. Emerick, Y. (2002), The Life and Work of Muhammad, Alpha Publishing, Filey, 336 p.
  7. Emon, A. (2002), "Reflections on the "Constitution of Medina": An Essay on Methodology and Ideology in Islamic Legal History", UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, No. 1, pp. 103-133.
  8. Esposito, J.L. (1999), The Oxford History of Islam, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 749 p.
  9. Ford, C.A. (1995), "Siyar-ization and its Discontents: International Law and Islam's Constitutional Crisis", Texas International Law Journal, No. 30, pp. 499-533.
  10. Glassé, C. (2008), The New Encyclopedia of Islam, 3rd ed., Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, 720 p.
  11. Hallaq, W.B. (1997), A History of Islamic Legal Theories, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 294 p.
  12. Har-El, S. (1995), Struggle for Domination in the Middle East: The Ottoman-Mamluk War, 1885-91, Brill Academic Pub, Leiden, 238 p.
  13. Hasan, Y.F. (1967), "Main Aspects of the Arab Migration to the Sudan", Arabica, No. 1(14), pp. 14-31.
  14. Khadduri, M. (1955), War and Peace in the Law of Islam, The Lawbook Exchange, New Jersey, 321 p.
  15. Khadduri, M. (1956), "Islam and the Modern Law of Nations", American Journal of International Law, No. 50, pp. 358-372.
  16. Khadduri, M. (1966), The Islamic Law of Nations: Shaybani's Siyar, John Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 232 p.
  17. Khadduri, M. (1985), The Islamic Conception of Justice, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 272 p.
  18. Khan, M.Z. (1997), The Qur'an, The Eternal Revelation Vouchsafed to Muhammad, The Seal of the Prophets, transl., Interlink Publishing Group, Northampton, 736 p.
  19. Kurguzov, V.L. (2011), "Their own – someone's else – as our algorithm for cultural development" ["Svoe – chuzhoe – nashe kak algoritm razvitiya kul'tury"], Kul'tura i tsivilizatsiya (Culture and Civilization), No. 1, pp. 109-125.
  20. Mautner, T. (2005), "Grotius and the Skeptics", Journal of the History of Ideas, No. 4(66), pp. 577-607.
  21. Movsesian, M.L. (2010), "Fiqh and Canons: Reflections on Islamic and Christian Jurisprudence", Seton Hall Law Review, No. 3(40), pp. 860-888.
  22. Smith, P.S. (2006), "Of War and Peace: The Hudaibiya Model of Islamic Diplomacy", Florida Journal of International Law, No. 18, pp. 135-168.
  23. Spaulding, J. (1995), "Medieval Christian Nubia and the Islamic World: A Reconsideration of the Baqt Treaty", International Journal of African Historical Studies, No. 3(28), pp. 577-594.
  24. Tepas, M.E. (2009), "A Look at Traditional Islam's General Discord with a Permanent System of Global Cooperation", Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, No. 2(16). pp. 680-701.
Файлы / Files 1-bagdasarova-susanna.pdf
Для цитирования / For citation
[RUS]
Багдасарова С. Заключение международных договоров в рамках Сийар: раннеисламское сопоставление доктрины с действительностью // Вопросы российского и международного права. – 2014. – № 5. – С. 9-38.
[ENG]
Bagdasarova, S. (2014), "Treaty-Making Under the Siyar: Early Islamic Reconciliation of Doctrine with Reality" ["Zaklyuchenie mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov v ramkakh Siiar: ranneislamskoe sopostavlenie doktriny s deistvitel'nost'yu"], Voprosy rossiiskogo i mezhdunarodnogo prava (Matters of Russian and International Law), No. 5, pp. 9-38.

Архивные материалы юридического журнала № 5 за 2014 год «Вопросы российского и международного права», в котором размещена статья / Publisher's imprint of the journal "Matters of Russian and International Law", which includes the article.