Статья «К вопросу об определении культуры»

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Министерство Культуры Российской Федерации
Зав. отделом

Ministry of Culture of Russian Federation
Head of Department

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В статье речь идет о генезисе и содержании понятия «культура» от античности до современности. В логической форме дается определение культуры, выявляются ее функции, особенности, трансформация в историческом контексте.

In the article the author gives the elucidation of the definition of "culture" in the historical and functional aspects. Tracing the development of concepts from antiquity to modern times, the research identifies eight types of typological definitions of culture. In formulating their own definitions of culture the author addresses issues of social functioning of culture, cultural interaction, ethnic identity, cultural diversity and unity. The author concludes that the culture is a particular way of organizing human activity, represented by a system of material and spiritual values and socio-cultural norms, as well as the process of self-realization and the creative potential of the individual and society in different spheres of life. The essence of the functions and principles of cultural development can be summarized as follows. Culture is the cumulative collective heritage of mankind. All cultures of the peoples are united internally and at the same time are original, unique. In connection with the change of eras there are changes in types of culture- so it comes into continuity. However, it is relative, as opposed to absolute continuity (as, for example, many civilizations have died, but their achievements- the sail, the wheel, the calendar, etc. – have become the part of the world culture). Each culture has its own specific identity, world view, hence we see the diversity of cultural contacts from trade and migration, to the war and the capture of the territories. All these interactions cause the unity of the world-historical process.

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Введение. История понятия Поняти...

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Сущность
содержание понятия
культура

The essence
the concept
culture