Статья «Конструктивистские идеи в педагогике: от адаптации к свободе»

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Челябинский государственный педагогический университет
Аспирант кафедры философии

Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University
The post-graduate student of the department of philosophical sciences

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Низкая эффективность образования обусловлена тем, что в его основе находятся метафизические философско-методологические принципы. Философской основой эффективного образования являются идеи конструктивизма. Педагогический конструктивизм рассматривает образование как естественный адаптивный процесс. Адаптация субъекта к условиям окружающего мира выражается в решении жизненно важных задач. Однако образование как процесс адаптации- это лишь средство для его главной цели – осознания индивидом своей свободы.

Low efficiency of education results from the fact that it is based on metaphysical, philosophical and methodological principles. Modern scientific theories which are the components of educational programs are dogmatically proclaimed the bastion of truth, although they represent a conventionally originated design. The formation of knowledge is not paid attention to at all. Lack of awareness that science is a process of continuous development which proceeds through cuts and tries, leads to the strengthening of the position of naive (metaphysical) realism in minds of the subjects of education. The trainees infected with the "virus" of traditional education get extremely superficial ideas of the world and man. They cannot take stock the relevance and applicability of the obtained knowledge as the traditional educational system forms the knowledge based on assurance, faith and authority of the teacher, and it is out of keeping with the criteria of scientific rationality. The traditional education system isolates the subject from reality, configuring the knowledge and ideas which are inconsistent with the experience. Such a formal approach to knowledge significantly affects the efficiency of education. The philosophical basis of an effective education is the idea of constructivism. Pedagogical constructivism considers education as a natural adaptive process. The subject's adaptation to the conditions of the outward things is expressed through solution of vital problems. From the perspective of pedagogic constructivism education should be focused on achieving an unfailing experience of the subject, which will make it possible to forecast future events and get ready for them. However, education as a process of adaptation is only a means for its main goal- individual's awareness of his freedom, which comes out in the ability to make informed choices and to carry on defendant acts.

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Введение Традиционная система обра…

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Философия образования
конструктивизм
сознание
познание

Philosophy of education
constructivism
consciousness
knowledge